Why People Dislike Really Smart Leaders
Intelligence makes for better leaders—from undergraduates to managers to presidents—according to multiple studies. It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence. But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.
Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures, some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective. Decades ago, Dean Simonton, a psychologist from the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them. Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea, publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.
The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking, retail and technology. The managers took IQ tests and each was rated (定级) on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers. IQ positively correlated(和…正相关) with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. The researchers suggest the "ideal" IQ could be higher or lower in various fields, to 140 or 100, depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.
"It's an interesting and thoughtful paper," says Paul Sackett, a management professor at University of Minnesota, who was not involved in the research."To me, the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers," he says. "The wrong interpretation would be, ‘Don't hire high-IQ leaders."
The study's lead author, John Antonakis, a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others—the way former U.S. President Barack Obama did. "I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people," Antonakis says, "is to speak in charming ways."
1.According to the first paragraph, we know that _______.
A. leaders with high IQ do not have effective leadership
B. effective business depends on the intelligence of leaders
C. leaders with higher IQ may do harm to group effectiveness
D. the higher IQ leaders have, the stronger leadership they possess
2.According to Simonton, managers with an IQ of about ________ are probably the most effective.
A. 80
B. 100
C. 120
D. 140
3.What is Paul Sackett's attitude towards hiring high-IQ leaders?
A. Unconcerned.
B. Positive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
4.Barack Obama is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________.
A. encourage us to learn more about leadership
B. explain how intelligent people achieve success
C. show creativity is more important than intelligence
D. emphasize the importance of using intelligence properly
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题
Why People Dislike Really Smart Leaders
Intelligence makes for better leaders—from undergraduates to managers to presidents—according to multiple studies. It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence. But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.
Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures, some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective. Decades ago, Dean Simonton, a psychologist from the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them. Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea, publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.
The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking, retail and technology. The managers took IQ tests and each was rated (定级) on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers. IQ positively correlated(和…正相关) with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several other characteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined. The researchers suggest the "ideal" IQ could be higher or lower in various fields, to 140 or 100, depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.
"It's an interesting and thoughtful paper," says Paul Sackett, a management professor at University of Minnesota, who was not involved in the research."To me, the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers," he says. "The wrong interpretation would be, ‘Don't hire high-IQ leaders."
The study's lead author, John Antonakis, a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others—the way former U.S. President Barack Obama did. "I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people," Antonakis says, "is to speak in charming ways."
1.According to the first paragraph, we know that _______.
A. leaders with high IQ do not have effective leadership
B. effective business depends on the intelligence of leaders
C. leaders with higher IQ may do harm to group effectiveness
D. the higher IQ leaders have, the stronger leadership they possess
2.According to Simonton, managers with an IQ of about ________ are probably the most effective.
A. 80
B. 100
C. 120
D. 140
3.What is Paul Sackett's attitude towards hiring high-IQ leaders?
A. Unconcerned.
B. Positive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
4.Barack Obama is mentioned in the last paragraph to ________.
A. encourage us to learn more about leadership
B. explain how intelligent people achieve success
C. show creativity is more important than intelligence
D. emphasize the importance of using intelligence properly
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It’s the place where smart people make smart machines work even smarter. It’s also in the heart of sunny California, a great place to start a family and raise kids. What could be better?
But something is happening to their children. Up until the age of two they develop normally. But then everything seems to go backwards. The children become locked into their own small world, unable to communicate at all.
They call it the “curse(诅咒) of Silicon Valley,” but the medical name for the condition is autism. It used to be thought that autism was a kind of mental illness. Now doctors are sure that it is a neurological disease passed down genetically. It seems that the people leading the communications revolution are having children who cannot communicate at all.
But even the parents have trouble communicating. Asperger’s Syndrome(综合症) is a mild version of autism(自闭症). People who have it are highly intelligent and often brilliant with numbers or system but have no social skill. This very combination of symptoms makes Asperger’s sufferers into perfect computer professionals.
The Asperger’s sufferer has always been a well—known figure in popular culture. He or she was the abnormal but devoted scholar or the strange uncle or auntie who never married. But the high numbers of such people in Silicon Valley mean that they can meet others who understand them and share their interests. And while they might not be personally attractive, they can earn truly attractive amounts of money. They can get married and have kids. Unfortunately, many of the children of two Asperger’s parents seem to be developing serious autism.
There is little anyone can do. It takes hours of work just to make autistic child realize that anyone else exists. And there is no cure in sight. Some argue that no cure should be found. “It may be that autistics are essentially different from normal people, but that these differences make them invaluable for the evolution(进化)of the human race,” says Dr. Kirk Whilhelmsen of the University of California. “To get rid of the genes for autism could be extremely bad.”
It seems that the children of Silicon Valley are paying the price of genius.
1.What can we learn about autism according to the passage?
A. They do not care about the presence of others.
B. People with autism can’t find people sharing their interests.
C. It is believed to be a kind of mental illness that can be cured.
D. They are a burden for the society.
2.Why do people call autism “curse of Silicon Valley”?
A. Because autistic people live in Silicon Valley.
B. Because people with autism will be driven out of Silicon Valley.
C. Because many people working in Silicon Valley have autism children.
D. Because people with autism are not personally attractive and not liked by others.
3.What can we know about Asperger’s Syndrome according to the passage?
A. Asperger’s sufferers never get married and have children.
B. Asperger’s sufferers are perfect computer professionals.
C. Asperger’s sufferers are ashamed of themselves and locked into their own world.
D. Asperger’s sufferers can be beneficial to society if they are cured.
4.What does Dr Kirk Whilhelmsen think of autism?
A. It is not completely a bad thing.
B. It is harmful to society.
C. It is a punishment to those working in Silicon Valley.
D. People with autism should never marry.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Smiling really can make people feel happier, according to a new study. American psychologists (心理学家) looked at nearly 50 years of data testing whether facial expressions can lead people to feel the emotions related to those expressions. They found smiling made people feel happier; frowning (皱眉) made them feel angrier or sadder.
However, the effects are not so strong, and the researchers warn this should hardly be held up as a way to offset weak mental health conditions like depression. Lead researcher Nicholas Coles said: “Ordinary wisdom tells us that we can feel a little happier if we simply smile. Or that we can get ourselves in a more serious mood if we frown. But psychologists have actually disagreed about this idea for over 100 years.”
The research team says the disagreements became more pronounced in 2016, when 17 teams of researchers failed to copy a well-known experiment showing that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier. Coles said: “Some studies have not found evidence that facial expressions can influence emotional feelings. But we can’t focus on the results of any one study. Psychologists have been testing this idea since the early 1970s, so we wanted to look at all the evidence.”
Using a data technique called meta-analysis (荟萃分析), the team collected data from 138 studies testing more than 11, 000 people from all around the world. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that facial expressions have a small influence on feelings.
Coles added: “We don’t think that people can smile their way to happiness. But these findings are exciting because they provide evidence about how the mind and the body affect each other to shape our experience of emotion. We still have a lot to learn about these effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.”
1.What did the latest study find?
A.Facial expressions could show how happy people are.
B.Acting happy and feeling happy have weak connection.
C.Researchers share the same idea in the influence of smiling.
D.Smiling is the best way to fight with mental health conditions.
2.The underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________.
A.recognize
B.test
C.suffer from
D.make up for
3.What might be the best title for the text?
A.Smiling Really Can Make People Feel Happier
B.Meta-analysis Provides Strong Evidence for Scientists
C.Negative Feelings Will Get You in a Worse Mood
D.Secrets of Emotions Have Been Finally Unlocked
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Happy birthday! Do birthday really make people happy? Of course they do. Birthdays celebrate the day when we were born. Besides, that extra candle on the cake suggests another year of growth and maturity(成熟)—or so we hope.We all like to imagine that we are getting wiser and not just older.Most of us enjoy seeing the wonder of growth in others, as well.For instance, seeing our children develop and learn new things makes us feel proud.For Americans, like people in most cultures, growing up is a wonderful process.But growing old? That is a different story.
Growing old is not exactly for people in youth-oriented (以年轻人为中心)American culture.Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young. As the old saying goes, “You’re young as you feel.” Older people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years old.People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom.But Americans seem to favor those who are young, or at least “young at heart”.
Many older Americans find the “golden years” to be anything but golden.Economically, “senior citizens” often try just to get by.Retirement at the age of 65 brings a sharp decrease in personal income.Social security benefits usually cannot make up the difference.Older people may suffer from poor nutrition (营养), medical care, and housing. Some even have the experience of age discrimination(歧视). American sociologist(社会学家) Pat Moore once dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets.She was often treated rudely--even cheated and robbed.However, dressed as a young person, she received much more respect.
Unfortunately, the elderly population in America is increasing fast.Why? People are living longer.Fewer babies are being born.And middle-aged “baby boomers”(婴儿潮) are rapidly entering the group of the elderly.America may soon be a place where wrinkles(皱纹)are “in”.Marketing experts are already noticing this growing group of consumers.
1.Growing up is a wonderful thing because ________.
A. people can celebrate their birthdays.
B. people can become more and mature and wiser.
C. people can receive many presents.
D. people will feel younger at heart.
2.We can infer from the second paragraph that _________.
A. young people lack experience and wisdom.
B. American older people often joke about their old age.
C. American culture is very young.
D. different countries have different opinions on the old age.
3.The underlined sentence (in Paragraph 3) means “_________.”
A. the golden years can make the old earn lots of money and receive good medical care
B. the old people in America are probably leading a hard life without good nutrition, medical care or housing.
C. the old in America have to retire at the age of 65.
D. American social security benefits are not good.
4.From the last paragraph we know that the underlined word “in” can be replaced by _______.
A. serious B. bad
C. disappearing slowly D. growing fast
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
29. That prices are going up so rapidly these day,_______really makes many people worried
A.it | B.that | C.which | D.they |
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
1.Why did God make people speak different languages?
A. To make them separated.
B. To collect different ideas.
C. To make them work together.
2.Which is one of the advantages when you have knowledge of foreign languages?
A. Working together against God.
B. Learning about different cultures.
C. Getting good grades in driving tests.
3.What is the speaker’s advice on learning a foreign language?
A. Learning the language as a tool.
B. Simply remembering grammar rules.
C. Learning the language just as knowledge.
4.What does the speaker most probably teach?
A. Grammar. B. Writing. C. Conversation.
高一英语长对话简单题查看答案及解析
There are many reasons why I encourage people to travel, and I know that the experience will make one a better person.
I remember when I was travelling I began to know the world better. The world is not just about me, my small town and home. Although you will meet different people from all over the world, you will realize that people are similar in their dreams, hopes and feelings. Enjoy exploring the different cultures, and you will also find that people are different in some of the things they do and how they live. Once you understand their ways, it need not be strange or scary. Often we read stories about other cultures in books. Only when we visit their areas do we find that those stories are something wrong.
One thing you may find out is that there are problems all over the world. We can’t just get money to send to these areas and hope that will work them out. The world should get involved(干预)and help wherever there are problems. People everywhere should be given a chance. It is so easy to ignore this if one does not travel and explore. One can look around and see that so many people have many challenges worse than ours. One can realize that sometimes our biggest problems are not that big after all.
On your journey you will meet lots of new friends. Talking to strangers and finding about their lives is a great way to spend your time. You will certainly be more confident after having to cope with problems and make many decisions along the way.
When you travel, you have to be on your own in some situations. You will surprise yourself by how well you can do that. All your special experiences could make an interesting book to read. It would be filled with all your adventures and special memories.
Traveling around and seeing so much happening in the world around us is a wonderful experience. If we could all just travel a little more and share our experiences, we would all be better people and the world would be a better place.
1.From paragraph 2, we can learn that ________.
A. people around the world are the same in their hopes
B. books always tell us wrong stories about cultures
C. traveling can help us better understand the world
D. People in different places have strange living habits
2.The underlined expression “cope with” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “________”.
A. solve B. avoid
C. meet D. cover
3.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A. People in the world are family
B. Traveling helps one make more friends
C. People in the world share one dream
D. Traveling makes one a better person
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Why do people listen to music? The answer may seem simple: Music is pleasant to make and to hear. But music touches our lives in many other ways, too.
Music changes our mood
My brother doesn’t choose music based on what he wants to hear. Instead, he decides what he wants to feel and picks music with that mood in mind. Upbeat, bright-sounding music generally makes people feel happy. But some people enjoy listening to sad music, too. It can be like talking with a friend who understands your suffering. But for some people, sad music can make them feel even sadder.
Music helps us get things done
Do you ever listen to music while you work? I do, and I find that it sometimes helps me concentrate, According to one expert, music can help you pay attention during boring or repeated tasks. But when you are doing tasks that require more thought, music can disturb you, making them harder.
My mom, a preschool teacher, uses music to manage her classroom. When she wants to call a child, instead of yelling the child's name, she sings it. This creates a more positive environment, while still getting the child’s attention.
Music brings people together
Music can also bring people closer to each other. This is especially true of music played live. Live music often features a group of people playing different instruments which makes it a shared experience. Listeners can share in the emotions the song expresses. They also create memories together.
And speaking of memories, lots of people connect music with specific places, people or events. Whenever they hear a certain song, they are transported back to some point in the past. Thus music can connect people not only to people who are present but also to people from their past.
Music is far more than just entertainment; it is a powerful force that affects us in many ways.
1.Why do some people enjoy sad music?
A.It can get their attention.
B.It makes them feel happy.
C.It can be like talking with a friend.
D.It makes them feel sadder.
2.Listening to music disturbs you when ________.
A.you are doing repeated tasks.
B.the tasks are boring.
C.you are doing easy tasks.
D.the tasks require more thought.
3.What’s the author’s attitude to music?
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Uncertain. D.Negative.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Do you know why Nelson Mandela _________ violence to make black and white people equal?
A. turn in B. turn out C. turn to D. turn over
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
______ his sister, Jack is very quiet, and does not easily make friends.
A. Unlike B. Dislike C. Along with D. As to
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析