Hybrid cars (混合动力车) are cars that run on petrol and electricity. They have a small standard petrol engine and a battery (电池) electric motor to provide electric power.
There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars, but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol, and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required, for example, when going uphill or accelerating. In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed, for example when the car has stopped at traffic light, keeping only the electric engine running.
Conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating. Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines, improved by electric motors when needed, so they use less petrol. Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of "regenerative (再生的) braking". The electric motor is used to slow down the car, rather than conventional brakes. The energy produced by slowing the car is changed into electrical power, which is automatically stored in the battery. In effect, the battery recharges when you brake. In conventional cars the energy produced when braking is wasted.
In 1928 Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car. The first mass-produced hybrid car, the Toyota Prius, came out in Japan at the end of 1997. However, hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999. As they use less fuel, hybrid cars are cheaper to run. There are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them. In some countries, hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax, and don't have to pay on certain roads. In some cities, hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.
1. Hybrid cars consume less energy than conventional cars because hybrid cars _____.
A. have large engines to deal with accelerating
B. have conventional brakes to slow down the car
C. have electric power to assist when needed
D. have no energy consumption when stopping
2. In regenerative braking, _____.
A. energy wasted in conventional cars is stored in the battery
B. the conventional brakes are used to slow down the car
C. the battery charges itself when the car is accelerating
D. the petrol engine is usually turned off automatically
3.From the last paragraph we can learn that Hybrid cars ____.
A. were first available in the USA
B. will gain more popularity
C. free their owners from tax
D. are free to park anywhere in the city
4. The main purpose of this text is to_____.
A. show haw hybrid cars slow down
B. encourage people to buy hybrid cars
C. inform people a kind of energy-saving cars
D. explain why hybrid cars use less energy
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Hybrid cars (混合动力车) are cars that run on petrol and electricity. They have a small standard petrol engine and a battery (电池) electric motor to provide electric power.
There are some differences between different models of hybrid cars, but the general principle is that the car runs on petrol, and the electric motor kicks in when additional power is required, for example, when going uphill or accelerating. In some hybrid cars the petrol engine turns itself off when not needed, for example when the car has stopped at traffic light, keeping only the electric engine running.
Conventional cars have large engines to deal with driving uphill and accelerating. Hybrid cars have much smaller petrol engines, improved by electric motors when needed, so they use less petrol. Another way that fuel consumption is cut is by a system of "regenerative (再生的) braking". The electric motor is used to slow down the car, rather than conventional brakes. The energy produced by slowing the car is changed into electrical power, which is automatically stored in the battery. In effect, the battery recharges when you brake. In conventional cars the energy produced when braking is wasted.
In 1928 Ferdinand Porsche built an experimental hybrid car. The first mass-produced hybrid car, the Toyota Prius, came out in Japan at the end of 1997. However, hybrid cars became available in the USA only in 1999. As they use less fuel, hybrid cars are cheaper to run. There are also many voices in place to encourage people to buy them. In some countries, hybrid car owners pay a lower rate of tax, and don't have to pay on certain roads. In some cities, hybrid cars are allowed to park for free.
1. Hybrid cars consume less energy than conventional cars because hybrid cars _____.
A. have large engines to deal with accelerating
B. have conventional brakes to slow down the car
C. have electric power to assist when needed
D. have no energy consumption when stopping
2. In regenerative braking, _____.
A. energy wasted in conventional cars is stored in the battery
B. the conventional brakes are used to slow down the car
C. the battery charges itself when the car is accelerating
D. the petrol engine is usually turned off automatically
3.From the last paragraph we can learn that Hybrid cars ____.
A. were first available in the USA
B. will gain more popularity
C. free their owners from tax
D. are free to park anywhere in the city
4. The main purpose of this text is to_____.
A. show haw hybrid cars slow down
B. encourage people to buy hybrid cars
C. inform people a kind of energy-saving cars
D. explain why hybrid cars use less energy
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Hybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), are cars that use more than one source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several ways. The main difference is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV car has a battery-powered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline.
A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It has specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gas-powered cars. When an HEV car is at a stoplight or going at a speed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.
Because the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. In fact hybrid cars are the most fuel-efficient cars that exist today. They can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in other ways too. For example, when
the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out poisonous smoke that pollute the air.
Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as regular cars. They handle the same way and speed up and stop in the same way too. HEVs, though, are generally smaller than gasoline-powered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic frame helps add to their fuel efficiency but unfortunately does not add to the amount of space inside the vehicle.
1.Which statement best explains the characteristics of an HEV?
A.Safe and reliable. B.Expensive but long-lasting.
C.Smaller engine, greater power. D.High price, low carbon.
2.The transformation between the gasoline and electricity in an HEV is operated by ________.
A.the engine B.the battery
C.the computer D.the driver
3.For what purpose was the HEV invented?
A.To save energy. B.To provide better service.
C.To lower the expense of purchase. D.To give the drivers a different feeling.
4.Where does the passage probably come from?
A.A health report. B.A science magazine.
C.A vehicle advertisement. D.A travel journal.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads, but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been ‘range anxiety’--- drivers' concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA.
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars are starting to persuade critics. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.
As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the US to act on the study's findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emission-free. That said, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
1.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. My Dream Car
B. History of Electric Cars
C. Problems with Petrol Cars
D. Driving into the Future
2.As used in Paragraph 2, the underlined word “hurdle” means ________.
A. aim B. barrier
C. consequence D. step
3.What is the function of Paragraph 4?
A. To introduce the history of electric travel.
B. To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C. To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D. To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate(影响) our roads, but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”---drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. In fact, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA.
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars met with distrust, and their high price tags drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics. Plug –in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.
As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the sea and sky. Electric boats are among the oldest electric vehicles, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric planes are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the US to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emission-free. Even so, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
1.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. My Dream Car B. History of Electric Cars
C. Problems with Petrol Cars D. Driving into the Future
2.The underlined word “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. aim B. barrier
C. consequence D. step
3.In the past, why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars according to the passage?
A. They were not good value. B. They were very poorly made.
C. They were not widely promoted D. They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
4.What is the function of Paragraph 4?
A. To introduce the history of electric vehicles.
B. To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C. To show why more people have interest in electric cars
D. To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Nowadays, _______ cars are more and more popular.
A. electronic B. electric C. electrical D. electricity
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
On August 29th,Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric-car maker, announced that some of his customers would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge. Like many modern vehicles, Mr.Musk's products are best thought of as Internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla' line-up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries.
Mr. Musk's computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers creating an “Internet of things”, or IoT. It is a slow revolution that has been gathering pace for years, as computers have found their way into cars, telephones and televisions. But the transformation is about to speed up. One forecast is that by 2035 the world will have a trillion connected computers, built into everything from food packaging to bridges and clothes.
Such a world will bring many benefits.Consumers will get convenience. Amazon's Ring smart doorbells, for instance, come equipped with motion sensors(运动传感器) and video cameras. Working together, they can also form what is, in effect, a private CCTV(closed circuit television) network, allowing the firm to offer its customers a“digital neighborhood-watch”scheme and pass any interesting video along to the police.
Business will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be temporary and uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable. Connected cows can have their eating habits and vital signs tracked in real time, which means they produce more milk and require less medicine when they fall ill. Such gains are individually small but, mixed again and again across an economy, they are the raw material of growth potentially a great deal of it.
In the long term, though, the most noticeable effects of the IoT will be on how the world works. One way to think of it is to regard it as the second phase of the Internet. Ever, more companies will become tech companies; the Internet will become widespread. As a result, a series of unsolved arguments about ownership, data, competition and security will spill over from the virtual world into the real one.
1.Why does the author mention Elon Musk?
A.To tell a story about his car.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To inform readers of his Tesla.
D.To explain batteries on electric Cars.
2.What can we infer about the IoT from Paragraph 2?
A.It is under connection.
B.It is getting computerized.
C.It is getting widespread use.
D.It is connecting computers.
3.What benefits can the IoT bring in the future?
A.It will bring convenience and efficiency.
B.It can help upload videos onto the Internet.
C.It can save cows from being ill.
D.It will bring small gains.
4.According to the last paragraph what will be discussed in the following part?
A.The evolution of the IoT.
B.Applying the IoT to the virtual world.
C.Its main use in tech companies.
D.Its effects on the real world.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A.They have forgot to change their cars. B.The woman’s car has run out of electricity.
C.The man is good at telling jokes. D.The park is within five minutes’ walk.
高三英语短对话中等难度题查看答案及解析
The car,running along the welllit road now sank in darkness.I broke the ____ on purpose,____ that the driver was too tired to drive.“When do you go back home in the evening?”“9 o’clock after this ____.” “Then when do you come out in the morning?” I ____ another question.“9 o’clock,too—just as if I worked at an office.” His __ surprised me,because every time I ride a taxi,what I ___ from the driver are only complaints that they have to work from morning till night,it’s hard to earn money and they’re often ___ by the police,or that their leaders are seated lazily,___ the fruits.But this driver told me,“I find it ____ to be a section chief as I was before.I like driving just for ____.It’s fortunate that I hardly drive ____ a passenger.So I earn two or three thousand yuan a month with ease.Yes,I never ____ an empty taxi.If it goes southward,I go northward.If it goes along a ____,I turn into a narrow street.”
His words showed his ____ with his life and the pride he ____ in his job.Such feelings are so rare among people nowadays as oxygen in high ____.As an ancient saying goes,“Neither joy in material ____ nor grieve(悲痛) over personal setbacks.” How many people nowadays can show high ideals by ____ living and go far with a calm mind?I couldn’t help feeling ____ when finding such a state of mind in a stranger on a cold ___.
1.A.window B.stillness
C.silence D.quietness
2.A.on condition B.for fear
C.in belief D.in order
3.A.night B.trip
C.cycle D.process
4.A.threw out B.gave away
C.made up D.led to
5.A.character B.confidence
C.attitude D.easiness
6.A.suffer B.request
C.benefit D.hear
7.A.detected B.ordered
C.fined D.seized
8.A.keeping B.tasting
C.enjoying D.choosing
9.A.exciting B.disappointing
C.tiring D.amazing
10.A.freedom B.pleasure
C.hobby D.company
11.A.without B.with
C.behind D.beside
12.A.follow B.admire
C.envy D.meet
13.A.route B.path
C.railway D.highway
14.A.intelligence B.satisfaction
C.competition D.honesty
15.A.made B.held
C.caught D.took
16.A.buildings B.mountains
C.standard D.heaven
17.A.gains B.concerns
C.supports D.losses
18.A.special B.happy
C.simple D.original
19..A.angry B.content
C.dangerous D.curious
20.A.morning B.night
C.moment D.season
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many people in England are angry that drivers park their cars on the pavements. Cars that are on the pavement prevent people from walking safely down the street. They have to walk into the road to get around the running cars. It’s a lot more difficult for blind people to walk around the town if cars are in their way. A spokesman for a charity told the BBC, “It can be frightening for anyone who is forced to step into a road because the pavement is blocked by a van, car or other badly parked vehicle. Imagine you have to step into a road where you can’t see oncoming traffic.”
A survey on parking in Britain found that 70 percent of people want a ban on parking on pavements. A town south of London has already started a system to get drivers to park in a proper car park. Any motorist who parks on the pavement gets a $115 fine. However, many people say the fines do not work. Local people say car owners ignore the fine and park where they want. One woman said there would soon be a very serious accident because of a car parked on the pavement. She wants her town to be like London, which has strict rules against pavement parking.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概括上文的主要内容;
2.用约120个单词就“人行道停车”谈谈你的看法,内容包括:
(1)分析驾驶员在人行道上停车的原因;
(2)简述人行道停车给行人带来的不便;
(3)你对解决该问题有何建议?
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
高三英语书面表达中等难度题查看答案及解析
The petrol in the car _____ on our way to the beach, so we had to walk there.
A. gave up B. gave off C. gave in D. gave out
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析